Ilustrasi Kementerian Keuangan. (Foto: IST)
JAKARTA,investor.id – Kementerian Keuangan menyatakan pemerintah telah menyiapkan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) 2023 sebagai upaya untuk membangkitkan optimisme sekaligus menjaga kewaspadaan terhadap ancaman dari resesi global.
Asumsi makro dalam APBN 2023 meliputi pertumbuhan ekonomi di angka 5,3%, tingkat inflasi sebesar 3,6%, nilai tukar rupiah Rp 14.800 per dolar AS, dan tingkat bunga Surat Utang Negara (SUN) tenor 10 tahun sebesar 7,9%. Adapun asumsi makro harga minyak mentah Indonesia sebesar US$ 90 per barel, komponen lifting minyak bumi mencapai 660 ribu barel per hari, serta target lifting gas bumi 1.100 ribu barel setara minyak per hari.
“Target APBN kita bahkan 5,3% dan secara global tahun depan akan tumbuh 2,7% kita sudah mengantisipasi dengan prediksi yang baik diharapkan kita bisa terus menjaga momentum pemulihan ekonomi,” ucap Staf Khusus Menteri Keuangan Bidang Komunikasi Strategis Yustinus Prastowo dalam acara Forum Merdeka Barat pada Jumat (21/10/2022).
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Dari sisi belanja pada 2022, pemerintah telah melakukan reformasi subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM). Sehingga alokasi belanja yang dihemat dapat digunakan untuk belanja produktif termasuk penguatan perlindungan sosial.
“Tahun 2023 kita akan fokus pada beberapa sektor prioritas antara lain peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, dalam menangani stunting dan juga tingkat kematian ibu anak. Penyediaan infrastruktur kesehatan dan digital lalu industri yang direvitalisasi serta ekonomi hijau,” kata Yustinus.
Postur APBN 2023 terdiri dari penerimaan negara sebesar Rp 2.463 triliun, belanja negara sebesar Rp 3.061,2 triliun dan besaran defisit APBN Rp 598,15 triliun atau 2,84% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), dengan perkiraan PDB nominal 2023 sebesar Rp 21.037,9 triliun.
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“Dengan meningkatkan pendapatan negara dan juga spending better pertumbuhan belanja itu semakin rendah secara persentase tetapi kualitas output-outcomenya semakin baik. Harapannya ini sejalan dengan semangat untuk Presidensi G20. Dimana kita ingin mendorong mengajak global untuk dapat pulih bersama dan bangkit lebih kuat,” tutur Yustinus.
Kepala Kantor Staf Presiden Moeldoko mengatakan Presiden Joko Widodo sudah menginstruksikan agar kebijakan pemerintah dijalankan dengan tetap optimis namun juga tetap waspada. Oleh karena itu pemerintah tetap fokus agar Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2020-2024 yang dijalankan tetap berjalan on track.
“Tidak berubah karena pesan Presiden Joko Widodo yang sangat clear, kita harus tetap optimis tetapi pada sisi yang lain kita harus waspada. Kita tidak boleh lagi banyak-banyak rebahan,” ucap Moeldoko dalam kesempatan yang sama.
Dia mengatakan pemerintah telah fokus pada RPJMN namun dalam perjalanannya bersifat dinamis, Misalnya saat awal pandemi Covid-19 pada 2020 dari sisi fiskal pemerintah melakukan refocusing anggaran. Begitu juga dengan kondisi tahun 2023 pemerintah tetap memantau dinamika perekonomian domestik dan global yang terjadi.
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“Nanti pada 2023 kita melihat kalau masih terjadi peperangan, walaupun pemerintah sudah menyiapkan skenario kalau peperangan berjalan cukup lama nanti harga minyak seperti apa dan kita harus menyesuaikan di mana,” kata Moeldoko.
Secara terpisah, Wakil Ketua Umum Asosiasi Pengusaha Indonesia (Apindo) Shinta Widjaja Kamdani menilai asumsi APBN 2023 tergolong sangat optimistis dan belum mencerminkan dampak krisis ekonomi global yang mungkin menekan kinerja ekonomi Indonesia di 2023.
Hal tersebut terjadi karena pemerintah sangat yakin bahwa Indonesia tidak akan terkena tekanan besar apabila terjadi krisis global tahun depan. Menurut Shinta sikap optimis pemerintah ini termasuk wajar namun akan menjadi beban tambahan terhadap kinerja pemerintah pada tahun 2023.
“Khususnya kalau skenario tekanan dari ekonomi global ternyata tidak seringan yang diperkirakan,” kata Shinta.
Baca juga:
Peneliti Institute For Development of Economics and Finance (Indef), Eisha Maghfiruha Rachbini mengatakan untuk kedepannya perekonomian nasional masih dibayangi oleh risiko resesi dan inflasi tinggi. tren suku bunga tinggi di negara maju, sehingga resiko eksternal juga tinggi.
“Sementara amanah Undang-undang bahwa defisit harus kembali di bawah 3%. Saat ini inflasi september 5,95%, dan nilai tukar sudah di posisi Rp 15 ribu, memang nilai nya di atas asumsi apbn 2023. Perlu dicermati kembali asumsi tersebut dan terus dipantau resiko ke depan karena ketidakpastian sangat tinggi,” ucap Eisha.
Dari sisi perdagangan pada tahun 2022 ini Indonesia masih mendapatkan windfalls dari dari harga komoditas sehingga surplus ekspor dan pendapatan negara meningkat. Namun, jika resesi yang dikhawatirkan di negara maju akan terjadi 2023, pemerintah perlu melihat dampaknya nanti apakah permintaan ekspor Indonesia akan lesu.
“Dari jalur pasar keuangan, juga perlu diwaspadai, jika bank sentral negara-negara maju agresif menaikkan suku bunga, dan dampaknya terhadap capital outflow, juga nilai tukar Indonesia,” kata Eisha.
Editor : Indah Handayani (indah.handayani26@gmail.com)
Sumber : Investor Daily
Baca berita lainnya di GOOGLE NEWS
Berita Terkait
BKF: APBN 2023 Konservatif dan Fleksibel Hadang Resesi
Kemenkeu: Data Regsosek Dapat Kurangi Inefisiensi Belanja
Ini yang Bikin Indonesia Terang di Tengah Suramnya Ekonomi Dunia
Kemenkeu: Risiko Ekonomi Bergeser dari Pandemi ke Gejolak Global
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