JAKARTA—1 Muharram 1444 bertepatan hari ini, Selasa 30 Juli 2022. Riang gembira umat merayakan pergantian tahun menjadi fenomena magis yang begitu memesona. Gegap gempita kegembiraan secara identik mengarak masyarakat dalam suasana perayaan. Semua orang menanggalkan aktivitas rutin keseharian ikut serta menyemarakkan dengan beragam festival, syukuran, dan hajatan.
Gema perayaan saling bersahutan, di timur dan barat, di utara dan selatan. Toa-toa yang memekakkan, petasan yang silih-ganti bertebaran, suara riak anak kecil dengan permainan, suara tabuh rebana shalawatan, dan bisik-gemercik ala ibu-ibu pedesaan menghiasi panorama 1 Muharram dalam satu malam. Inilah daya magis Muharram dengan kegembiraan yang barangkali menghiasi umat Muslim Indonesia.
Merayakan pergantian tahun menjadi hal yang wajar. Ritus tahunan ini tidak hanya dilakukan umat Islam. Dalam era dengan doktrinal tunggal modernisme dan gempuran kemajuan digital, perayaan semacam ini masih bergelut dengan ritual umat-umat di seluruh dunia, mewujud menjadi peradaban, di India, China, bahkan Amerika Serikat. Terdapat hal renungan eksploratif, baik dalam rajutan historis, nilai sosiologis, dan dasar teologis yang hanya bisa diekspresikan lewat kegembiraan.
Secara historis, hakikat tahun baru Hijriyah adalah momentum perubahan. Bisa dilihat bagaimana jasa peradaban dari Rasulullah SAW yang ditandai dengan perjalanan dakwah kenabian ke Madinah. Hijrah Nabi—yang dihubungkan dengan penanggalan Hijriyah—memantik perubahan konstruktif secara besar-besaran dalam lintas zaman dan ruang. Fakta itu adalah kebenaran imparsial yang diakui secara aksiomatik tanpa bantahan.
Peradaban masyarakat madani (civil society) pun terbentuk, dari umat yang bergelut dengan konservatisme-mistikal beranjak ke umat yang rasional dan profesional, dari budaya literatur mengingat dan menghafal berubah menjadi umat yang membaca dan menulis secara teks dan kontekstual, era perbudakan oligarki-monarki berubah pada era musyawarah dan demokrasi, dan budaya matriarki-patriarki dihapuskan dengan konsep kesetaraan gender (Nasaruddin Umar, 2018: 09).
Secara sosiologis dan peribadatan, perayaan tahun Hijriyah manjadi ritual peribadatan kemanusiaan. Selain ritus-ritus keagamaan yang disyariatkan, makna dan hakikat perubahan yang dikandung dalam pergantian tahun berhasil memberikan impresi sosial yang cukup berarti. Hal primordial adalah renungan terhadap amal peribadatan (teosentrik) dan penajaan ulang terhadap keberagamaan, terlebih relasinya terhadap kemanusiaan (antroposentristik).
Pada saatnya, renungan itu bertransformasi pada kultur etis yang membudaya, berupa perayaan ekspresi kegembiraan di ruang-ruang terbuka. Di Indonesia, hal itu menjadi tren spritualitas kekinian yang dilakaukan secara berkala di tiap tahun. Setidaknya, impact sosial yang dipertontonkan, pergantian tahun menjadi momentum sakral untuk meningkatkan keimanan dan penghambaan kepada Tuhan.
Begitu pula dalam telaah teologisnya, dalam literatur teks-teks keagamaan banyak ditemui dalam ayat maupun hadits yang menelaah tentang urgensi pergantian/perubahan tahun. Ini secara ontologis literaturnya, secara umum dinisbatkan pada sumpah (qasam) Tuhan, yakni ‘demi masa’. Allah SWT dengan lugas menjadikan waktu/masa dalam QS Al-Ashr sebagai pijakan autentik dari firman-firman-Nya kepada umat manusia. Ini menjadi bukti waktu adalah bagian dari dalih ontis yang dimuliakan.
Dalam QS ali Imran ayat 140, Allah SWT menegaskan ulang tentang epistimologi waktu dan relasinya dengan kehidupan manusia.
اِنْ يَّمْسَسْكُمْ قَرْحٌ فَقَدْ مَسَّ الْقَوْمَ قَرْحٌ مِّثْلُهٗ ۗوَتِلْكَ الْاَيَّامُ نُدَاوِلُهَا بَيْنَ النَّاسِۚ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللّٰهُ الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَيَتَّخِذَ مِنْكُمْ شُهَدَاۤءَ ۗوَاللّٰهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الظّٰلِمِيْنَۙ
“Jika kamu (pada Perang Uhud) mendapat luka, maka mereka pun (pada Perang Badar) mendapat luka yang serupa. Dan masa (kejayaan dan kehancuran) itu, Kami pergilirkan di antara manusia (agar mereka mendapat pelajaran), dan agar Allah membedakan orang-orang yang beriman (dengan orang-orang kafir) dan agar sebagian kamu dijadikan-Nya (gugur sebagai) syuhada. Dan Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang zalim.” (QS Ali Imran ayat 140).
Dalam ayat tersebut disebutkan pergantian masa (pergiliran) adalah momentum bergulir yang digunakan Tuhan untuk menguji konsistensi keimanan umatnya. Dengan itu pula, perbedaan refleksi yang ditunjukkan oleh masing-masing umat menjadi petanda perbedaan tingkat kuliatas keumatan di antara mereka.
Maka, merayakan pergantian tahun baru Hijriyah secara hakikat dan maknawi adalah merefleksikan diri untuk terus meningkatkan keimanan dan ketakwaan. Setidaknya ada tiga hal yang perlu ditransformasikan dari sekadar ritual perayaan tahunan sehingga nilai filosofisnya bisa diproyeksikan secara nyata dalam laku peribadatan.
Pertama, mensyukri tambahan umur yang telah dianugerahi Tuhan kepada kita. Bertambahnya umur adalah kesempatan untuk kesekian kalinya yang patut untuk digunakan sebaik mungkin dalam melaksanakan tugas kekhalifahan Tuhan di dunia. Kedua, memohon ampunan dosa sebagai makhluk yang tidak terlepas dari kesalahan. Akhir tahun menjadi waktu yang tepat untuk melakukan introspeksi diri dan meminta ampunan Tuhan.
Ketiga, dengan memohon bimbingan Tuhan dalam menghadapi masa-masa di tahun mendatang. Nurani manusia yang bersimbur dengan nafsu hewani dan duniawi akan menjerumuskan manusia dalam kubangan durhaka dan maksiat. Maka, pertolongan dan bimbingan Allah SWT. senantiasa diharapkan menjadi oase kehangatan untuk menjaga kewarasan kita dalam berhamba dan beragama. (A Fahrur Rozi, Nashih)
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